Gay Adoption And Parenting A Of The Sexual Orientation...

Instructor: Lance Kayser English 100 December 7, 2016 Gay adoption and parenting Gay adoption and parenting are one of the sexual orientation issues affecting the society today. It involves two men who adopt children and raise them as their kids. There are various ways of adopting children, including agency adoption, independent adoptions and the identified adoptions (Golombok et al., 458). After adoption, children are brought up with the parents of the same sex. For gay adoption, it involves both male parents (Goldberg, Jordan, and April, 168). Different challenges are, therefore, faced by such families, including prejudice and discrimination and lack of both maternal and paternal support. Therefore, gay adoption and parenting is an issue that has affected children and family and interventions such as education on how the act has a negative effect on the well-being of the children need to be put in place. Gay adoption and parenting refer to a situation where two or more male genders adopt children and raise them as the only parents to the children. There are different ways to adopt a child. The adoption of the children may be through agency adoption, independent adoption, identified adoptions, and international adoption (Tasker and Jerry, 60). â€Å"Agency adoption involves the placement of a child with the adoptive parents by a public agency or a private organization that has acquired the mandate to do so.† (Ross and Cheryl, 92). Usually, children who have become theShow MoreRelatedAn essential or a larger focal association for the representation of the LGBT group is not1300 Words   |  6 PagesAn essential or a larger focal association for the representation of the LGBT group is not existing, yet various LGBT rights associations are active around the world. The LGBT social movements that are organized today are consisting of a wide range of political activism and cultural activities. These exercises incorporate campaigning, road walks, social gatherings, media, craftsmanship, and research. Also, inc luded, not constrained to, in the social objectives of the LGBT social developments areRead MoreThe Law Can Affect Family Life Essay1991 Words   |  8 Pagesfile for a divorce, who can adopt children, what responsibilities should come with parenting, and what happens when we do not uphold our parental responsibilities. In recent years, our lawmakers here in the United States have made important decisions affecting families consisting of gay parents. Gay couples can face a legal minefield when trying to ensure parental rights. Although, the first battle of legalizing gay marriage has already been won. States still determine who qualifies as a mom or aRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 Pagesfor lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and along with heterosexual they describe peoples sexual orientation or gender identity. These terms are explained in more detail here. Lesbian A lesbian woman is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to women. Many lesbians prefer to be called lesbian rather than gay. Gay A gay man is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to men. The word gay can be used to refer generally to lesbian, gay and bisexualRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDemographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ DiversityRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Liv es and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesActs: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _

Behaviourist and Social Learning - 2452 Words

With reference to chosen theory of learning (behaviourist, social learning) discuss its application to patient education in context of general nursing. It may be said; why is psychology significant in nursing care and why do we use learning theories to assist in patient care? Well according to Walker et al (2007), in the caring profession nurses, spend most, if not all of their working lives interacting with other people. A key part of a nurse’s job is to promote healthful behaviour. When a patient is admitted to hospital it is often their physical illness that can cause a lot of emotional distress. This means gaining a better understanding of how people cope with illnesses whether acute or chronic. Understanding health psychology will†¦show more content†¦He deciphered that dogs like humans salivate (reflex response) when they see food; it is a natural physiological reflex response. However he also demonstrated that a signal such as using a bell (stimulus) just before he gave the dog food would eventually lead the dog to salivate at the sound of the bell even if there was no food present. Pavlov verified by pairing or associating another stimulus (the bell) with food he could train the dogs to salivate. This theory could then be applied to people as well. According to Richard et al (2007) it was found that pairing one stimulus with another stimulus could also provoke a reflexive response in people. This is also called a stimulus – response theory of learning. Operant conditioning according to Walker et al (2007) pg 86 refers to learning that involves changes in voluntary responses those over which we normally have conscious control. Operant conditioning was developed largely by B.F. Skinner (1974,1989). According to Bastable (2003) pg 57 chap 3 operant conditioning focuses on the behaviour of the organism and reinforcement that occurs after the response. A reinforcer is a stimulus or event applied after a response that strengthens the probability that the response will be performed again. Skinner (1974) suggested that giving positive reinforcement i.e. (reward) greatly enhances be haviour and the likelihood that a response will be repeated in a similar circumstance. A second way to increase behaviour is by applyingShow MoreRelatedThe Learning ( Or Behaviourist ) Approach1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe learning (or behaviourist) approach, at its core, is about how experience affects our behaviour and how we learn behaviours. This approach postulates that all humans are born as ‘blank slates’ and we become shaped by the environment that the person lives in. Behaviourism is concerned with the observable characteristics of humankind; their behaviour. This approach dismisses any internal workings because these workings are too subjective and difficult to observe; whereas observable behaviour canRead MoreHow Do the Major Theories of Child Development (Known as the ‘Grand Theories’) Explore the Importance of Social Experiences?1675 Words   |  7 PagesHow do the major theories of child development (known as the ‘grand theoriesâ€⠄¢) explore the importance of social experiences? Social experiences play a vital role in the development of children. Theories of child development have been created to help us to understand how children’s minds develop, taking into account the differences between cultures around the world. Some of these theories explore the possibility that children gain knowledge, develop new concepts and bridge new ideas through interactionRead MoreThe Behavioral Theory Of Depression1397 Words   |  6 Pagesin terms of it being like a ‘common cold’ of psychiatry, due to how frequently it is diagnosed. The behaviourist approach accentuates the significance of the environment in regards to determining an individual’s behaviour. To behaviourist theorists, our behaviour does not relate with our internal unconscious struggles or suppressions. However, psychologists in this field use ideologies of the learning theory to explain human behaviour. According to the behavioural theory, dysfunctional behaviour suchRead MoreThe B ehavioral Perspective And The Biological Perspective1306 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavioural, biological, cognitive, social, humanistic and finally, psychodynamic. This essay will focus on the behavioural perspective and the biological perspective. According to J Walker (2012) the behavioural perspective is based on behaviourism and is the study of observing behaviour when in certain contexts and events. The biological perspective however, explains behaviour by focusing on the function of the nervous system, genes and the brain. Behaviourists regard behaviour has a response andRead MorePsychology663 Words   |  3 Pagescompare two approaches to health and social care. Chose two different approaches and compare each theory to a health care setting and also a social care setting explain how it works in health care compared to social care. Example of behaviourist in health and social care – classical conditioning can be used in a hospital to help with an individuals fear by creating a hierarchy of fears starting with their least fear to the most feared. Whereas in a social care setting such as a school or nurseryRead MoreThe Study Of Human Learning1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of human learning is an interesting yet complex topic, with three major theories contributing to explaining how and why children develop intellectually. These theories are: Behaviourism, social learning and cognitivism. Each theory is underpinned by its own set of ideals, concepts and influential theorists and the development of these key theories has informed the teaching and learning styles adopted in schools today. The different theories present conflicting explanations that attemptRead MoreWhy Learning Is The Core Of The Education System1730 Words   |  7 PagesLearning is the core of the education system and one of the most important activities needed for a child’s development. Philosophers and psychologists such as B.F Skinner (1948) have†¯been working for many years†¯trying to understand how learning occurs and how teaching styles can have an effect on said learning. There are many different learning theories†¯which provide an†¯understanding†¯on how†¯students absorb, process and retain information†¯during learning. Due to the observational and experimentalRead MorePsychological Approaches Of Health And Social Care Service Provision1215 Words   |  5 Pagespsychological approaches to health and social care. It will compare two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. It will also evaluate two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. As I explained in (p1-explanation of the principal psychological perspectives), the behaviourist approach states that we are born at a blank state, therefore all of our behaviour are as a response to a stimulus in our environment. Behaviourists use two types of processes toRead More1.Is There A Link Between Learning And Behaviour? How Might1559 Words   |  7 Pages1. Is there a link between learning and behaviour? How might it be explained? ‘Learning’ is typically used everyday all over the world, especially in education. However, within the field of educational psychology, ‘learning’ is actually refered to as a specific term. According to educational psychologist, there are many different types of learning. Some examples are, observational learning also refered to as natural learning; where the ‘student’ simply learns how to do things such as walk andRead MoreWhy Is Human Being Learn?1461 Words   |  6 PagesPlato stated that education and learning should continue until the age of 40 in B.C. 385. Many would now fell that he put too early a date on its closure. However the whole of life is learning therefore education can have no endings (Lindeman, 1926: 181). Why human being learn has a basic response; change is all around us and it affects everything on the world. To keep step with changes, people need to learn to keep up with change. As Kolb (1984) mentioned learning is people ’s primary mode of adaptation

The Impeachment Of Bill Clinton Essay Example For Students

The Impeachment Of Bill Clinton Essay The Impeachment of Bill ClintonThe government of the United States controls countless affairs in the world. They control everything from the currency to the court systems. Individuals are suppose to be able to trusting your government system, which has not been the case in many different circumstances. From Richard Nixon to the Whitewater scandal, the government has been everything but honest. Furthermore the President has not been honest either. He was the youngest governor of Arkansas and has been awarded with many different honors and still has misused his power. Bill Clinton has obstructed justice, carried on an affair while in presidency, and abused his power in office. He has also committed two counts of perjury and has lied under oath on more than one occasion. President Clinton should be impeached due to these countless acts of misconduct. Clinton has apologized many times for a variety of incidences that he has committed. A linguistics professor, Debroah Tannen told Time Magazine that â€Å"men hardly ever apologize because doing so ‘entails admitting fault’ and that shows ‘weakness’†(Carlson 44). Clinton has appeared on television many times admitting many things and apologizing for them. In the beginning of the Monica Lewinsky situation, Clinton said that he had not had a relationship with that woman, so â€Å"why would Clinton now, after seven months of sustained lying, suddenly choose honestly?† (Carlson 44). Many people say that it started when he was handed too much power at the early age of 32. Clinton started his life in the state of Arkansas and while he was still in high school, he had thoughts of being a doctor or a reporter. After meeting John F. Kennedy, his interest changed into politics and went on to college where he received his law degree in 1973. He married Hillary Rodham in 1975 and two years later, he became the youngest governor, in the nation, of Arkansas, at the age of 32. He was reelected more than three times for the state of Arkansas (DeGregorio 2). In 1992, William Clinton ran for President on the democratic ticket. His thoughts for the country were to create many jobs, lower taxes for the middle class, and help national health insurance. Although many people attacked him about an incident when he evaded military service and then tried to cover it up, he won the run and choose Senator Al Gore as his vice-president. He beat Republican Bush and Independent party Perot. President Clinton would be reelected again and he would have many issues while in his last term (DeGregorio 3). Clinton’s first problem occurred in 1994, when Paula Jones claimed that Bill Clinton propositioned her and exposed himself to her while he was governor of Arkansas. Clinton denied everything from the beginning. In 1997, Clinton offered $700,000 to settle the case, but Jones only wanted an apology. If Clinton did not do anything wrong, then why would he pay a hefty fine to dismiss the case? April first of this year, the Jones case was dropped, but was reopened in November. Jones came out with a recorded $800,000 settlement (Froomkin 1). The worries did not stop at the Jones case though. In 1995, Clinton allegedly started to have an affair with one of his interns, Monica Lewinsky who was 21 years old at the time. No one knew about these alleged affairs between Monica and the President, and after he stopped seeing her, is when Lewinsky took action. Clinton, just as in the Jones case, denied everything. People started to get suspicious about not one, but now two accusations against the President. Clinton said that he didn’t have a relationship with her, which was correct, according to his definition of â€Å"relationship†. â€Å"Clinton later changed his old storyto having an ‘inappropriate’ relationship with her† (Aubrey 3). Homelessness Essay IntroductionA similar poll that Time Magazine conducted was taken in the first and sixth hours of the College Prep Writing classes, at Southgate Anderson High School. There was significantly different ratings than from the Time poll. (Appendix B). Most of the Republicans wanted Clinton to resign, but the surprising votes came from the Democrats, that voted equally to have him resign corresponding to him staying in office. Many of the people placed themselves under the category of neither or undecided instead of choosing themselves as a Republican or Democrat. Nearly all of them wanted Clinton to stay in office, but most of them also voted no on staying in office without any formal action being taken against him. This chart was mostly voted either for or against the President, and the votes were similar to the Time Magazine poll. The same poll was taken in another hour of the College Prep Writing course. (Appendix B). This chart was very mixed and many people voted in opposite ways. More than 75% of the people placed themselves in the neither or undecided category, similar to first hours’ poll. It was voted practically half and half on the President resigning, and that was the same concept in the vote for his impeachment. The question of should the President be censured was cut right down the middle with a total of four votes on each side. The specifically surprising vote was that many people do not want Clinton acquitted of all his indictments. It was voted that more than 80% want some formal action taken against the President. Clinton appeared before a grand jury about these sexual scandals and apologized for his actions, although still declaring that he did not lie under oath. Although the Clinton scandal has been going on, and many people do not like him anymore because of the lying, he still had the highest approval ratings as those of Ronald Reagan in the beginning of 1998 (Kurtz inside book cover). The President, William Clinton, has obstructed justice, committed perjury, witness tampered, and has abused his power as the President. There is too much evidence that will be harmful enough to get the President impeached such as â€Å"The audiotapes by Linda Tripp, the sworn statements and testimonies of Ms. Tripp, the courier records, White House phone logs, visitation logs, Secret Service logs, internal communication momos, security camera tapes, and numerous other pieces of evidence will undeniably prove that Ms. Lewinsky and the President had a long-running relationship† (Lauf 1). All these crimes have been committed without any disciplinary action taken. He should be impeached, not because of the affairs that have taken place, but for the untruthfulness, and lying he has committed under oath. The President will continue to lie and cheat unless some action is taken to get him out of the White House and into the court room. Government

Research Proposal on Text Mining Essay Example

Research Proposal on Text Mining Essay Text mining is the process of the extraction of the high-quality and sensible information from a text. Text mining is closely connected with data mining and very often the first is called text data mining. As a rule statistical pattern learning is applied for the process of text mining. The mechanism is easy: the text is divided into patterns and then the experts analyze the patterns of the text extracting and processing the useful data. Text mining is an important and useful process which is applied in numerous disciplines and spheres of the human life. The brightest examples of the use of text mining are safety and security, science and commerce. Text mining is a complex process which embraces numerous disciplines and various kinds of the human knowledge, for example, linguistics, statistics and information technology in order to analyze and process text with the help of the brand new technologies using the knowledge in the humanities. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Text Mining specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Text Mining specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Text Mining specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The whole process of text mining consists of numerous subordinate tasks. It is obvious that it is easier to distribute the tasks into the smaller groups in order to receive the positive result of the process of analysis. First of all there is the stage of the information retrieval, which is characterized with the extraction of information valuable for the analysis. Then, there is natural language processing, which presents the retrieved text in the natural human language. Next, there is the stage of named entity recognition, which recognizes information according to the certain common identifiers. Then there are more complicated sentiment analysis and quantitative analysis which analyze the data from all sides, involving the psychological and other aspects. Text mining is a serious process which helps collect valuable information from various sources and analyze it properly. The student, who is interested in the profound investigation of text mining, is expected to prepare a detailed paper, which would contain all the points and essential questions required for the research. Furthermore, it is important to demonstrate the methods of the research and their types and the literature used to collect information and improve knowledge on the topic. The student should present the problems related with the topic and predict the possible result of his research and evaluate its usefulness for the science. Research proposal writing requires attention and writing skills. The student can seriously improve his chance to complete a successful assignment if he looks through a free example research proposal on text mining in the Internet. It is quite sensible to borrow a few ideas on formatting and professional composition of the paper from the text of a free sample research proposal on text mining organized by the talented writers for the student’s benefit. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Text Mining topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Free Essays on Tourism In UAE

Tourism in UAE I. Introduction: II. Tourism Statistics: III. Tourism in Abu Dhabi:  · Abu Dhabi National Hotels Company:  · Al Futaisi Golf and Country Club: IV. Tourism in Dubai  · Department of Tourism & Commerce Marketing:  · Hotel Classification:  · Al Maha:  · Wild Wadi Park: V. Tourism in Sharjah: VI. Tourism in East Coast: VII. Tourism in Northern Emirates: VIII. Conclusion:  § References: I. Introduction: Due to its location the UAE has been able to act as a connecting link between Europe and the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and Africa since time immemorial. It is still playing the role of intermediary between these vastly different cultures, the only difference being that air travel has significantly increased the number of visitors who come to the UAE. Traditional Arab hospitality and a delightful winter climate complemented by a highly sophisticated infrastructure and crime-free environment have also contributed in recent years to creating an ideal atmosphere for the development of tourism. The UAE is also endowed with an extensive coastline, sandy beaches and varied landscape, where a wide variety of activities can be indulged, ranging from powerboat races to sand skiing. Manicured golf courses provide ready enjoyment and for the less active shopping opportunities abound. In addition, the country's deep-rooted cultural heritage, accessible in the many cultural centers and at traditional sports such as falconry, camel- racing and horseracing, has been a powerful attraction for tourists. The UAE has also become a much sought after venue for conferences, regional and international exhibitions and major sports events such as the Dubai World Cup, the Dubai Desert Classic Golf Tournament, and polo and cricket competitions. II. Tourism Statistics: The UAE is placing more emphasis on promoting tourism in the course of lessening its reliance on the traditional oil industry and diver... Free Essays on Tourism In UAE Free Essays on Tourism In UAE Tourism in UAE I. Introduction: II. Tourism Statistics: III. Tourism in Abu Dhabi:  · Abu Dhabi National Hotels Company:  · Al Futaisi Golf and Country Club: IV. Tourism in Dubai  · Department of Tourism & Commerce Marketing:  · Hotel Classification:  · Al Maha:  · Wild Wadi Park: V. Tourism in Sharjah: VI. Tourism in East Coast: VII. Tourism in Northern Emirates: VIII. Conclusion:  § References: I. Introduction: Due to its location the UAE has been able to act as a connecting link between Europe and the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and Africa since time immemorial. It is still playing the role of intermediary between these vastly different cultures, the only difference being that air travel has significantly increased the number of visitors who come to the UAE. Traditional Arab hospitality and a delightful winter climate complemented by a highly sophisticated infrastructure and crime-free environment have also contributed in recent years to creating an ideal atmosphere for the development of tourism. The UAE is also endowed with an extensive coastline, sandy beaches and varied landscape, where a wide variety of activities can be indulged, ranging from powerboat races to sand skiing. Manicured golf courses provide ready enjoyment and for the less active shopping opportunities abound. In addition, the country's deep-rooted cultural heritage, accessible in the many cultural centers and at traditional sports such as falconry, camel- racing and horseracing, has been a powerful attraction for tourists. The UAE has also become a much sought after venue for conferences, regional and international exhibitions and major sports events such as the Dubai World Cup, the Dubai Desert Classic Golf Tournament, and polo and cricket competitions. II. Tourism Statistics: The UAE is placing more emphasis on promoting tourism in the course of lessening its reliance on the traditional oil industry and diver...

Human Resource Paper

Human Resource Paper Introduction Human resource management can be defined as a branch of management which deals with issues that pertains to personnel. The branch of management is normally tasked with the responsibility of resourcing employees on behalf of an organization, developing the employees and finally maintaining the achieved efficiency of the employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Specifically, human resource management looks into an organization’s issues such as establishing and planning the goals of the department of human resource management, making arrangement for the works and activities to be carried out in the department as well as the organization, filling in of an organization’s vacancies, reviewing and controlling the efficiencies and effectiveness of workers and regulating work related activities. It is actually an extensive department in an orga nization since the human resource is equivalently employed in almost if not all departments of each and every organization. This paper seeks to discuss various aspects of human resource management with specific interest on the management of employees. The paper will look into these issues with respect to the final desired output of the employees. People-Related Problems Likely to arise due to Changes in an Organization The changes that could be experienced in an organization are of varied degrees and types. An organization can for instance resort to changing its internal structures. Joining another organization through mergers, amalgamation or even acquisition are other ways through which an organization can change its structure. The changes could be radical or incremental. Radical changes involve an absolute transition in the system in which almost if not all aspects of organizations are subject to change. Incremental changes, on the other hand, are transitional changes which are i nitiated in steps and bits and occasionally take a longer time to be completely implemented. The changes initiated in an organization will eventually have effects on its employees in relation to the extent of the change initiated in the organization as well as the time period that will be required to effect and finally complete the implementation of the change. The changes in the organization, which could either be radical or incremental, are also diverse. Change in an organization can be in the form of redesigning the organization’s structures, functions and activities. This could be internal to change the roles of the employees or external when it include moves like mergers with other organizations or the subject organization changing ownership to another entity (Jackson et al., 2009 ).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When changes take place in the forms o f organizations merging, some old problems from the former organizations are brought up in the newly formed organization. There is a possibility of increased workload in the event of such changes. A change in an organization that has downsized will experience problems related to downsizing which may include issues to do with not meeting deadlines due to overworking of employees. The laying off of workers could be done in a general trend or based of some criteria such as age, departmental or even experience. No matter the trend, some people are subject to losing their jobs and the people who remain in the organization might be forced to increase their efforts to cover for the extra work. Both of the groups of employees in this case, those who lose their jobs as well as those who remain in the organization, are faced with problems. The people who lose their jobs due to organizational change have the problem of foregone incomes in the form of salaries and wages. This can have an extend ed negative impact on the families of the affected persons especially if they were sole bread winners of their respective families. The individuals retained in the organization’s system on the other hand, are faced with problems of being forced to work harder or even moved to new departments that that they are not familiar with. The interdepartmental transfers and even promotions poses a threat of stress to workers as they are forced to quickly adjust to the organizational change and increased amount of work due to downsizing of employees, especially if it were a radical change. Changes in an organization could as well have a negative effect on the efficiency of employees. A change that could be positive towards improving the efficiency of an organization could render an employee redundant or discouraged as the employee would feel outdated in the presence of the improved systems of the organization. This could lead to frustration and stress which, if not checked, could eventu ally lead to burning out of the employee. The effect may be as worse as a laid down employee (Labor, 2004). The human-related problems caused by the organizational changes as discussed above can be avoided or controlled at two levels of administrations. The first, being the organizational level at which the managements are to be enlightened on what is right and what is wrong, both legally and morally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Training and awareness is recommendation for managers to help safeguard the welfare of employees during such changes in organizations. Governments, through policy making can also pass legislations to ensure that employees’ rights are protected during such changes. Policies that limits the powers of employers to hire and fire employees at will can help in reducing the number of laid off employees or ensure adequate compensation is done if an employee has to be laid off by an organization (Labor, 2004). Components of an Effective Human Resource Policy Designed To Prevent Sexual Harassment The rate of sexual harassment is significantly noticeable in workplaces with over thirty percent of women reporting harassment cases. The sexual harassment cases are experienced more by minority women as compared to the majority class of women in America. Harassment can be experienced from senior employee of an organization taking advantage of the workplace position, or can be due to a hostile environment at the workplace that exposes people, especially women, to harassment. An organization is, however, charged with the responsibility of acts of offensive commissions by its employees (Jackson et al., 2009). According to Myers (2003), a sexual harassment policy or any other protective policy put in place by an organization should have provisions that will ensure the effectiveness of the policy. A sexual harassment policy fo r example should include an official statement that indicates the organization’s opinion in relation to sexual harassment. The policy should also illustrate the process of launching harassment complaint by an offended employee. Also inclusive of the necessities of a sexual harassment policy is a code of conduct together with a statement of prohibited behavior. The statement of sexual harassment policy should be clearly spelt and should in addition be consistent with the tradition or culture of the organization. This is specifically important to prevent conflict of interest within the organization. The next important component of the sexual harassment policy is the procedure of launching harassment complaints. The process should be free from any sort of harassment or intimidation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An organization is for this matter supposed to acculturate friendly procedures that can motivate employees to report cases of sexual harassments. In legal terms, an employer is liable for an act of sexual harassment by his or her employee if the employer has not provided for protective measures and a friendly environment for reporting such harassments. The policy should therefore provide for adequate measures to prevent and correct the offence. This provision will in case of harassment transfer the liability of offence to either the victim for failing to take advantage of the harassment protective policy or the individual offender employee. The harassment policy should clearly include its implementation which should essentially provide for an administrator and personnel to investigate the claims of sexual harassment. Both the administrator and the investigating team should be competently trained to impartially and comprehensively inquire into claims to establish truths before any pa rty can be victimized for alleged offences (Myers, 2003). Another necessity in an effective sexual harassment policy is the operational commitment of the organization’s human resource management to the implementation of the policy. Lack of commitment to implementation generally undermines the aim of a policy and even promotes an offence as employees will have the notion of not being penalized for their offences. The human resource management should therefore put its employees on a tough notice that sexual harassment is strongly condemned by the organization. Effective implementation that involves employee awareness of acts amounting to sexual harassment, encouraging employees to submit harassment claims as well as ensuring that actions are taken against offenders is also critical to the effectiveness of a sexual harassment policy. The anti harassment statement must be directed to any party who is in a position to commit the act of harassment. These parties include â€Å"all employees, contract personnel, customers† (Myers, 2003, p. 1) and any other third party with whom the employees relate in their course of work. This notification can be achieved through the organization’s modes of communications like memoranda and other internal circulations. The training of employees on the sexual harassment policy can be achieved through seminars and workshops where employees can be explained to on how the policy works. Enlightening the employees into changing their attitudes and mentality towards sexual harassment is another effective step towards the effectiveness of the policy. This step can promote the employee’s understanding to view the harassments as immoral, improper and undermining thereby reducing the offence. The last component of the policy should enforce the internalization of the policy. Encouraging employees to report sexual harassment by ensuring a free atmosphere for the process of reporting the offences and ensuring that inves tigated offences are properly dealt with will improve employees’ confidence in the management and even encourage victims to raise their complaints as well as sounding a warning to potential offenders of sexual harassment (Myers, 2003) Effective Integration of Workforce Planning With the General Business Plan Integration of workforce planning with the general business plan can be effectively achieved by considering the workforce planning as a component of the overall business plan. Workforce planning as a component of the organization’s management shows interrelationship which forms a basis for its integration into business plan. Efficiency in planning and implementation of the workforce processes will therefore ensure effective integration of the workforce planning into the business plan. Workforce planning, or in other words human resource planning, is a set of activities that relates to: Scanning and assessing environment, specifying the objectives to be achieved by human resource activities along with measures to be used to achieve those objectives and developing plans for human resource policies and practices along with time tables for implementing the plans (Jackson et al., 2009). The first step of the planning involves the process of scanning. Scanning looks into the internal and external environments to determine the features and nature of the workforce. After scanning, analysis is done into the objective of the workforce planning which in this respect is dependent on the objective of the business plans. A plan by the organization to increase its productivity or sales will for instance influence the workforce plan to increase the number of employees in the respective departments of production or sales. After the metrics of the workforce environment is taken into consideration, a human resource objective is set. The objective will both be quantitative and qualitative to express the value and efficiency to be achieved by the workforce plan. Again the achievement of the workforce objectives is as well achievement of the entire business plan. Planning is then done on human resource. The planning stipulates the roles of individual parties to the planning as well as the timing of activities to be carried out. The process of workforce planning is therefore an outline of how workforce policies and procedures are to be integrated into a business plan and how the policies and procedures are to be implemented into the workforce (Jackson, 2009). The functions of the human resource management are to source, develop and maintain the productivity of employees of an organization. The human resource department, therefore, following its organization’s business plan, carries out its qualitative and quantitative surveys to determine the business’ need for workforce. Workforce planning makes sure that the organization gets the workforce that it requires in terms of qualifications, number and time period. According to Jackso n et al (2009), the alignment of business planning and workforce planning have increasingly been enhanced over the past years. The human resource managers are currently being incorporated in the planning activities for their organizations as well as other departments in organizations. The authors further established that human resource management is being incorporated in a variety of aspects in an organization. Some of the aspects include: Development of business goals, creating strategies and processes to drive business results, alignment of business goals, implementation of strategies and processes to drive business results, creating and implementation of business strategies among others. (Jackson et al, 2009, p. 1) In its evaluation and assessment of internal and external environments of an organization, workforce planning looks into factors such as â€Å"economic globalization, labor markets and legal institutions† (Jackson et al, 2009, p. 1) among other factors. The work force planning team therefore determines and communicates the possible effects of these environmental changes to an organization. It then helps an organization in planning to adjust to these changes (Jackson et al., 2009). Erasmus et al (2003) on the other hand argued that effectiveness of a workforce plan depends on the business plan and the mission statement of a particular institution. The workforce planning relies on the business plan from which it plans and addresses the workforce needs of the organization. The workforce planning and implementation which forms the structure of an organization is always a reflection of the business plan due to its scope that determines the number and category of people to be employed into the organization’s system. Some of the benefits of workforce planning include: planning to ensure that labor costs are maintained at the lowest cost possible while the human resource supply is kept sufficient for the organization’s operations impr ovement of the general business plan (Erasmus et al., 2003). Important Factors Considered when developing a Recruiting Policy The recruitment policy is an outline developed by the human resource management relating to the process of recruiting employees. The policy describes the requirements for a person to be recruited into the organization and can sometimes include issues related to gender or marginalized groups. The recruitment policy is an important document to both the human resource management and the organization’s management as it is a determinant in the achievement of the goals and purpose for which the recruitment is to be made. The important factors that affect an organization’s recruitment policy can either be internal or external factors. One of the important factors considered when developing a recruitment policy is the human resource policy of the parent organization. The human resource policy of an organization normally outlines the guidelines for all a spects of human resource activities. This means that the human resource policy outlines aspects of recruiting, modeling and keeping employees among other things. The human resource policy is, therefore, an important factor for consideration when developing a recruitment policy to avoid conflicting of policies within an organization. Another factor to be considered in developing a recruitment policy is the nature and type of the vacancy to be filled. The nature and type of vacancy may relate to the administrative level to be filled in the structure of the organization, the type of vacancy to be filled and even the number of vacancies. The administrative level of the vacancy for example will outline the recruiting process and policy. Filling the vacancy of an organization’s top manager for instance requires a lot of skills, expertise and experience due to its sensitivity in the organization’s decision making. A recruitment policy that is extensive will therefore be adopt ed to widen the recruitment scope so as to increase chances of getting the finest candidate for the job. A lower position in an organization could on the other hand adopt a very simple policy for recruiting a local resident of the region. The number of vacancies to be filled also determines the recruitment policies to be formulated. Recruiting for a single vacancy may enlist a single panel and process policy while a large number of vacancies may call for the decentralization of the recruitment process to departmental levels of the organization (Durai, 2010). The main objective of the recruitment process is to source for applicants to fill a vacancy. The recruitment policy must therefore ensure that the process will bring on board a sufficient number of job seekers from whom the organization can select the individuals to employ. The reputation of the organization plays a very critical role in attracting applicants. An organization with outstanding reputation in its human resource man agement in terms of remunerations, benefits, security among other factors will easily attract applicants as compared to an organization that lacks the confidence and good will of the pool of job seekers. A simple recruitment policy will for instance be sufficient for a reputable institution while the organization that lacks confidence and goodwill of the job seekers may be forced to make extra efforts to attract applicants. Conventional practices and organizational culture is another internal factor that affects the recruitment policy of an organization. An organization’s human resource management will tend to follow its traditional practices in recruiting unless the practices have proved inefficient. A consideration is therefore given to the conventional recruitment practices before formulating a recruitment policy as it provides a basis for identifying the successes and weaknesses of past policies (Durai, 2010). External factors to be considered when developing a recruitmen t policy include the nature of the labor market, legislative provisions on labor recruitment as well as the socios of relatively regulated markets included markets in countries like France and Italy while the relatively liberalized markets included United States and Australia. Another effect of change in products and service markets that affects the relation between labor and management is the impact of market regulations on income inequality (OECD, n.d.). References ADOA. (2003). Assessment centre related exercises. Staffing and Recruitment. Retrieved from: hr.state.az.us/staffingandrecruitment/assessmentcenterrelatedexercises.htm Coffee, K. (n.d.). Assessment Centres. Google Documents. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=tsource=webcd=2ved=0CB4QFjABurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spb.ca.gov%2FWorkArea%2Fdownloadasset.aspx%3Fid%3D2534rct=jq=advantages%20and%20disadvantages%20of%20assessment%20centersei=4U-ATayYEYSHhQeNw9ilBwusg=AFQjCNFqqz26QE9w7nnHGf9tXf_0ceT3sgcad=rja Durai, G. (20 10). Human resource management. Noida, India: Pearson Education India Globler, A and Warnich, S. (2005). Human Resource Management in South Africa. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Gwartney et al. (2008). Economics: Private and Public Choice. New York, NY: Cengage Learning Hale, D. (2010). The Assessment Centre Hand book for Police and Fire Personnel. New York, NY: Charles Thomas Publisher. Jackson, et al. (2009). Managing Human Resources. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Justice. (n.d.). Employee Assistance Program. Justice. Retrieved from: justice.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/21453/policy-employee-assistance-program.pdf Labor. (2004). Voices of Canadians. Seeking Work-Life Balance Retrieved from: hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/lp/spila/wlb/vcswlb/05table_of_contents.shtml , Myers, W. (2003). 2004 U. S. Master Human Resource Guide. Chicago: CCH Incorporated. OECD. (n.d.). The Cross-Market Effects Of Product And Labour Market Policies. OECD. Retrieved from: oecd.org/dataoecd/8/46/2730792.p df Sims, R. (2007). Human resource management: contemporary issues, challenges, and opportunities. New York, NY: IAP. Wallace, K. (2007). Creating an Effective New Employee Orientation Program. Google Documents. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=tsource=webcd=7ved=0CD8QFjAGurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.tdl.org%2Fllm%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F1802%2F1077rct=jq=MANAGING%20NEW%20EMPLOYEE%20ORIENTATION%20TO%20CREATE%20MAXIMUM%20POSITIVE%20IMPACTSei=5FaATYjgIpyqhAfT3uGtBwusg=AFQjCNGtNE8u_5zDCXHLeagVYGnCZJqdfAcad=rja

Artificial Intelligence in Art project (multimedia installation) Essay

Artificial Intelligence in Art project (multimedia installation) - Essay Example Artificial intelligence is fused with multimedia to make the subjects more â€Å"human.† The processes are aimed at making human beings feel comfortable in the company of the creations. The creations create the feeling of cloning human companionship. The articulation of the two, is aimed at stimulating those human actions, e.g. feeling, touching and seeing, that seem complex to replicate. The whole topic of artificial intelligence in multimedia production cannot be described by one project or system. Artificial intelligence is a wide and broad area. To explore all corners of artificial intelligence, the report is mainly focused on the system and projects that expound on artificial intelligence based on multimedia. Several case studies on art project that incorporated artificial intelligence are described below. Case studies Thomas Ray, Tierra (1998) The Tierra is software created to represent natural evolution in the medium that is natural. The software uses artificial intelli gence to create a virtual computer that runs on an evolving operating system. The software uses an evolving operating system called Darwinian operating system (Ackley & Littman, 1990). The Darwinian operating system has its architecture based on executable machine codes. The machine codes evolve with each execution. The machine codes can be either be mutated or recombined. Despite the changes in the codes, the resulting codes remain functional. The functionality of the codes is durable. The code evolves through the process of natural selection. The code improves itself with each change in the natural selection. The Darwinian operating system manages the memory that the software uses. Time is shared accordingly among the services that run along with the program. The operating system also controls the factors that tend to affect and distort the course of evolution. The factors include disturbances on the cycles, the mutation rates, and allocation of processor time to each creature tha t is within the covered ecosystem (Ackley & Littman, 1990). The operating system also records birth and deaths, a sequential code that covers all the creatures, and a gene bank where successful genomes are stored. The program uses artificial intelligence to automate ecological analysis. All types of interactions that take place among the creatures in the simulated ecology are recorded. The system produces synthetic organisms. The synthetic organisms are based on a metaphor of the computer. The CPU time is used as the energy in the ecosystem. The memory is used as the material in each organism within the ecosystem. Mutation is responsible for creating new forms into the ecosystem, a process represented by the evolving machine codes. Evolution precedes the ecosystems natural selection. Natural selection is represented by the competition of the different genotypes for energy (CPU time) and material (memory space) (Ackley & Littman, 1990). The system combines both artificial intelligenc e and multimedia using digital communities to diversify the ecosystem. The digital communities are used to represent coexistence and competitive exclusion, regulation of the population through parasite/host density, punctuated equilibrium, and enhancement of the community diversity through parasitic effect. The software represents a natural evolution in the digital medium. Kenneth Rinaldo, Autopoeisis (2000) Autopoiesis is an installation of robotic